These statistics indicate an increase in global mine action funding from about $205 million in 1999 to $224 million in 2000. Substantial increases were registered by the United States ($16.5 million), Denmark ($6.4 million) and the Netherlands ($5.3 million), as well as Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Mine action funding fell for some major donors, such as Italy, Canada and Sweden.However, this is far from a complete global total for mine action spending to date and in 2000. Left out of these totals is mine action funding from the European Community, which has averaged about €30 million (approx. $27 million) per year in recent years, including €29.8 million in 2000 and €30.4 million in 1999; EC funding is not included in order to avoid double counting because it appears in some cases donors reported donations to the European Union as part of their domestic mine action spending. Also, where known, Landmine Monitor has not included funds for research and development into demining technologies and equipment in these totals, instead listing R&D funding separately. The totals also do not include in-kind (as opposed to cash) contributions from some donors. Victim assistance is included where possible, but for some major donors landmine victim assistance funding cannot be separated out from other non-landmine-specific programs.

Mine Action Funding in 2000: $224 million

1. USA :$79.6 million

2. UK : $21.5 million

3. Norway : $19.2 million

4. Germany : $14.5 million

5. Netherlands : $14.2 million

6. Denmark : $13.4 million

7. Canada : $11.9 million

8. Japan : $11.9 million

9. Switzerland : $8.5 million

10. Sweden : $7.9 million

11. Australia : $6.8 million

12. Finland : $4 million

13. Belgium : $2.5 million

14. Italy : $2 million

15. Austria : $1.9 million

16. France : $1.2 million

17. Spain : $0.9 million

18. Others : $2.0 million

Mine Action Funding Reported To Date: $1.025 billion

1. USA : $303.5 million

2. Norway : $107.5 million

3. UK : $78.7 million

4. Sweden : $71.5 million

5. Germany : $68.3 million

6. Japan : $63.8 million

7. Denmark : $58.1 million

8. Netherlands : $53.3 million

9. Canada : $51.9 million

10. Australia : $36.7 million

11. Italy : $31.7 million

12. Switzerland : $31.2 million

13. Finland : $23.4 million

14. France : $14.1 million

15. Belgium : $9.9 million

16. Austria : $7.1 million

17. Ireland : $4.6 million

18. Spain : $3.5 million

19. Others : $6.0 million

Major Mine Action Donors

All figures are in US dollars. Unless otherwise noted, figures include victim assistance funding. Where known, figures do not include funds for research and development, or contributions to the European Union. In some cases, falling exchange rates against the US dollar make comparisons with previous years more unfavorable than when computed in national currencies.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -- $303.5 million

2000 $79.6 million

1999 $63.1 million

1998 $44.9 million

1997 $30.8 million

1996 $29.8 million

1995 $29.2 million

1994 $15.9 million

1993 $10.2 million

• Figures do not include landmine victim assistance funding; however, funding for war victims programs totaled an additional $11 million in FY2000.
• R&D totaled an additional $18 million in FY2000, and $63.6 million from FY1995-1999.

NORWAY -- $107.5 million

2000 $19.2 million

1999 $21.7 million

1998 $20.8 million

1997 $16.7 million

1996 $13.5 million

1995 $11.6 million

1994 $4.0 million

• Norway funds a number of demining and mine action R&D programs, but the precise dollar amount is not known.

UNITED KINGDOM -- $78.7 million

2000-2001 $21.5 million

1999-2000 $19.5 million

1998-1999 $6.5 million

1997-1998 $6.6 million

1996 $6.3 million

1995 $6.9 million

1994 $6.3 million

1993 $5.1 million

• Figures do not include victim assistance funding.
• R&D totaled an additional $1.43 million in 2000-2001, and $2 million from 1997-98 to 1999-2000.

SWEDEN -- $71.5 million

2000 $7.9 million

1999 $11.5 million

1998 $16.6 million

1997 $11.9 million

1996 $10.4 million

1995 $5.1 million

1994 $2.6 million

1990-93 $5.5 million

• Figures do not include victim assistance funding.
• Sweden has devoted considerable additional funds to R&D, totaling more than $24 million since 1994; no figure for 2000 is available.

GERMANY -- $68.3 million

2000 $14.5 million

1999 $11.4 million

1998 $10.1 million

1997 $4.9 million

1996 $7.9 million

1995 $0.8 million

1994 $0.5 million

1993 $0.3 million

• Germany has devoted considerable additional funds to R&D, totaling more than $6 million since 1993; no figure for 2000 is available.

JAPAN -- $63.8 million

2000 $11.9 million

1999 $13.2 million

1998 $8.7 million

• Prior to 1998, Japan contributed approximately $30 million to mine action.
• In December 2000, Japan announced a new commitment to provide 500 million yen (approximately $4.76 million) for demining technology R&D.

DENMARK -- $58.1 million

2000 $13.4 million

1999 $7 million

1998 $6.2 million

1997 $5.4 million

1996 $8 million

1995 $2.3 million

1994 $2.0 million

1993 $1.7 million

1992 $1.9 million

• Figures for 1992-1995 do not include bilateral contributions.
• Denmark funds a number of R&D programs, including the Nordic Demining Research Forum, but the precise dollar amount is not known.

THE NETHERLANDS -- $53.3 million

2000 $14.2 million

1999 $8.9 million

1998 $9.3 million

1997 $10.2 million

1996 $10.7 million

• Figures include some but not all victim assistance funding.
• Figures prior to 1996 are not available.

CANADA -- $51.9 million

2000 $11.9 million

1999 $15.2 million

1998 $9.5 million

1997 $3.0 million

1996 $4.0 million

1995 $1.5 million

1994 $2.9 million

1993 $2.2 million

1989 $1.7 million

• R&D totaled an additional $2.7 million in 2000, and $2.7 million in 1998-1999.

AUSTRALIA -- $36.7 million

2000-2001 $6.8 million

1999-2000 $8 million

1998-1999 $7 million

1997-1998 $5.9 million

1996-1997 $4.5 million

1995-1996 $4.5 million

• Australia has contributed $1.79 million to the “Bushmaster” mine detection R&D project.

SWITZERLAND -- $31.2 million

2000 $8.5 million

1999 $5.8 million

1998 Unknown

1997 $4.0 million

1996 $2.6 million

1995 $4.1 million

1994 $3.5 million

1993 $2.7 million

ITALY -- $31 million

2000 $2 million

1999 $6.5 million

1998 $12 million

• Italy contributed 18 billion lire ($10.5 million) from 1995-1997.

FINLAND -- $23.4 million

2000 $4 million

1999 $5 million

1998 $6.6 million

1997 $4.5 million

1996 $1.3 million

1995 $0.7 million

1991-94 $1.3 million

FRANCE -- $14.1 million

2000 $1.2 million

1999 $0.9 million

1995-1998 $12 million

• Figures include some but not all victim assistance funding.
• France contributed about $33.9 million in mine action funding through the European Union from 1995-2000, including $5.6 million in 2000.
• France has devoted considerable additional funds to R&D, totaling more than $13 million since 1993; no figure for 2000 is available.

BELGIUM --$9.9 million

2000 $2.5 million

1999 $2.3 million

1994-1998 $5.1 million

• R&D totaled an additional $1.3 million in 2000, and $4 million through 1999.

AUSTRIA -- $7.1 million

2000 $1.9 million

1999 $0.95 million

1994-1998 $4.2 million

IRELAND -- $4.6 million

2000 $0.6 million

1999 $1.4 million

1994-1998 $2.6 million

SPAIN -- $3.5 million

2000 $0.9 million

1999 $0.7 million

1998 $0.8 million

1997 $0.9 million

1996 $0.1 million

1995 $0.1 million

Among other countries contributing to mine action funding are Slovenia ($1.8 million from 1998-2000), Luxembourg ($1.4 million from 1998-2000), Iceland ($1 million from 1997-2000), and South Korea ($760,000 from 1998-2000).

Major Mine Action Recipients

Accurate, complete, and comparable figures for major mine action recipients are even more elusive than those for major mine action donors. Only partial funding information for 2000 is available from the UNMAS Mine Action Investment (MAI) Database, as many major donors have not entered data records for 2000.

The biggest mine action funding recipients, cumulatively, are Afghanistan, Mozambique, Cambodia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo (in just two years), Angola, northern Iraq, and Laos. In 2000, the top recipients were Kosovo, Cambodia, northern Iraq, Mozambique, and Afghanistan.

Despite the fact that global mine action funding increased in 2000, a number of mine action programs experienced serious problems, even crises, in funding. A key problem is a lack of long-term commitments from the donor countries.

• In Afghanistan, a severe shortage of funds in 2000 led to the laying off of a number of clearance teams.
• In Angola, some mine clearance organizations have struggled with reduced funding, erratic funding and/or donor reluctance to commit long-term in Angola. A number of organizations had to suspend programs in 2000 or 2001 due to lack of funding.
• Funding shortfalls in 2000 and 2001 have put the existence of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Center at risk. Short-term funding was announced in April that will maintain the MAC structure until September 2001.
• In Cambodia, nearly all demining operations were suspended in October 2000 due to funding problems.

Afghanistan

Funding for the UN Mine Action Program for Afghanistan (MAPA), totaled $172.8 million from 1991 to 2000. The total of $17 million in 2000 was a substantial decrease from $22 million in 1999. There were 12 identified donors in 2000, compared to 15 in 1999. MAPA funding includes demining and mine awareness but not victim assistance.

Mozambique

It is estimated that mine action funding for Mozambique totaled about $145 million from 1993 to 2000, including approximately $17 million in 2000. Ten donors allocated $6.6 million to the National Demining Institute in 2000 and at least another $10.5 million was provided to mine clearance organizations. This appears to be a substantial increase from 1999 when donors reported to the UN Mine Action Investment Database a total of $11.4 million in funding for Mozambique.

Cambodia

Total funding for mine action in Cambodia is estimated to exceed $125 million since 1994, including about $25 million in 2000. In 2000, 11 donors contributed about $9.2 million to the UNDP Trust Fund for Cambodia. In addition, 14 donors reported to Landmine Monitor some $16 million provided directly to CMAC, to other mine action organizations in Cambodia, and to the global UN Voluntary Trust Fund for Mine Clearance. Despite the October crisis in funding, the 2000 total of $25 million is an increase from the $23 million identified for 1999.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mine action funding for Bosnia and Herzegovina is estimated at $92 million from 1995 to 2000, by fourteen donors and the World Bank. Funding for 2000 is estimated at about $15 million, including $11.1 million from the Slovenia International Trust Fund, about $2 million from the UNDP Trust Fund, and about $2 million from donors bilaterally. The MAI Database reported $22.5 million in funding in 1999.

Kosovo

Mine action funding for Kosovo totaled about $58 million in 1999 and 2000. The MAI database reports $25 million in funding from 11 donors in 1999, and Landmine Monitor country reports identify about $33 million in funding from 12 donors in 2000.

Angola

It is estimated that mine action funding for Angola totaled about $56 million from 1993 to 2000. According to information provided to Landmine Monitor by donors and mine action organizations, funding in 2000 totaled approximately $13 million. This would constitute a decrease from about $14.7 million reported to the MAI Database in 1999.

Northern Iraq

It is estimated that funding for mine action in northern Iraq totaled about $50 million from 1993 to 2000, including about $23 million in 2000. The Iraq Mine Action Program, under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, is funded entirely through the UN Oil for Food Program, which started in 1997. The MAP expended approximately $20 million in 2000. Two key mine action NGOs, Mines Advisory Group and Norwegian People’s Aid, receive funds apart from the UN program, totaling about $3 million in 2000.

Laos

Mine action funding for Laos totaled an estimated $35 million from 1994 to 2000. The MAI Database reports funding for Laos of $26.1 million from 1994-1999, including $7 million in 1999. Landmine Monitor country reports identify $8.6 million in funding for 2000.

Central America -- Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua

Funding for the Organization of American States Assistance Program for Demining in Central America, which involves mine and UXO clearance in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, totaled totaled $19.6 million from 1993 to 2000. In 2000 the budget for the OAS regional program was $7.6 million, an increase from $6 million in 1999.

Croatia

Croatia has allocated considerable domestic financial resources to demining operations, and has received some international support. In 2000, Croatia allocated $25.3 million for mine action and received some $6 million from foreign donors. In 1999, mine action spending totaled $24.4 million, with $2.6 million received from foreign donors. The MAI Database lists $8.5 million contributed from 1994-2000 by nine donors.

Developments in some other mine action recipients:

• Albania received approximately $1.2 million, primarily from the US and ITF as well as Germany, for mine clearance.
• The Landmine Impact Survey in Chad has received $1.54 million from the UK, US, and the United Nations Foundation.
• Several countries have contributed to the mine clearance program in Ecuador with both monetary and in-kind contributions including Brazil, Canada, Japan, Spain, and the US. In March 2001, Peru and the Organization of American States signed an agreement to support integrated mine action in the country.
• A trust fund has been established for mine clearance in the western desert in Egypt.
• Estonia received $2.2 million in assistance from the US in 2000 for training and equipment.
• Between May 2000 and February 2001, funding, including in-kind contributions, totaling some $6 million for mine action in Lebanon was provided by Canada, EU, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Ukraine, UK and the US. The United Arab Emirates has pledged $50 million for demining and reconstruction in South Lebanon.
• Canada and the US have provided funding for mine clearance in Peru. In May 2001, Peru and the Organization of American States signed an agreement to support integrated mine action in the country.
• The Landmine Impact Survey in Thailand has received $1.655 million from Australia, Canada, Finland, Norway, UK, US, and the United Nations Foundation.
• The US announced its intention to provide $1.4 million for the Landmine Impact Survey in Vietnam. Other donors to mine action programs in Vietnam include Australia, Denmark, Germany, Japan, and several private foundations.
• The Landmine Impact Survey for Yemen cost of $1.65 million with funding provided by Canada, Japan, Germany, the United States, and the United Nations Foundation. Yemen has also received funding commitments from a number of new donors, most significantly Saudi Arabia, which pledged $3 million over the next three years.

UNMAS reports that the UN Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action, since it was established in 1994, has received contributions from forty-two donor governments, the European Union, and individuals. Disbursements have been made to programs in nineteen countries.

1994 $300,000

1995 $16.3 million

1996 $11.6 million

1997 $8.1 million

1998 $11.1 million

1999 $11.9 million

2000 $ 7.34 million